Thirty–six small business members of the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) urged Congress to act immediately on legislation to restore research and development (R&D) tax incentives. In a letter to congressional leaders sent May 15, 2023, the owners and operators of aerospace and defense supply chain companies from across the country detailed the harmful effects of a recent change that requires R&D expenses to be amortized over five years, rather than receiving a full tax deduction in the year incurred.